FPGA Based Convolution Encoder Time Domain and State machine design Using VHDL

Vol.2  No.1

Year : 2014

Issue : Jan-Mar

Title : FPGA Based Convolution Encoder Time Domain and State machine design Using VHDL

Author Name : S P Kurlekar

Synopsis :

When the errors introduced by the information channel are unacceptable then the channel coding is needed. The use of channel coders with source coders provides the efficient and reliable transmission in the presence of noise. The use of channel coders with source coders provides the efficient and reliable transmission in the presence of noise. Coding permits an increased rate of information transfer at a fixed error rate, or a reduced error rate for a fixed transfer rate. A convolution coder accepts a fixed number of message symbols and produces a fixed number of code symbols, but its computations depends not only on the current set of input symbols but also on some of previous input symbols.[1] Through this paper we have illustrated design of convolution encoder using time domain approach with VHDL platform. The target technology is used as Sparten FPGA device.

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Two bit Soften Hard Decision Fusion for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Vol.2  No.1

Year : 2014

Issue : Jan-Mar

Title : Two bit Soften Hard Decision Fusion for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Author Name : J.Abinaya, K.YALINI , Dr.S.Shanmugavel

Synopsis :

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of spectrum sensing (SS) in cognitive radio (CR) network. The main function of cognitive radio is detecting unused spectrum and sharing it without harmful interference to the licensed user. Cooperative spectrum sensing refers to incorporation of multiple secondary users (SU) to analyze the primary user (PU) signal in order to achieve more accurate detection performance. In order to solve the sensing failure problem in conventional two threshold energy detection method soften hard decision fusion mechanism is used exploiting all the sensing results. Consideration of the confused region which is the intersection of the energy distribution of PU signal and noise. SUs could not distinguish between the absence or presence of the primary user in the confused region. So the fusion center makes a soft combination of the observations. The objective of this paper is to produce an efficient spectrum sensing algorithms using two thresholds with soften hard decision fusion mechanism.

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Digitally Controlled Delay lines Using Strobe Controlled Logic

Vol.2  No.1

Year : 2014

Issue : Jan-Mar

Title : Digitally Controlled Delay lines Using Strobe Controlled Logic

Author Name : manimekalai n, A. Lelinadevi

Synopsis :

In recent years, Digitally Controlled Delay-Lines (DCDL) is a key block in number of applications and play the role of DAC in traditional circuits. This paper presents a totally glitch free DCDL which overcame the limitation of a NAND based DCDL using strobe control method. Using this logic a clock is presented, that reduces the output jitter when compared to the existing method. The existing method uses a delay control code and reduces the delay of about 40%, but it consumes more power and less area efficient. By using strobe controlled logic, the peak to peak absolute output jitter of 70-80% were reduced. As an example application, All-digital spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG), All-digital phase-locked loops (ADPLL), Phase-locked loop (PLL) were used.

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Power Efficient Implementation of Least Mean Square Algorithm Based FIR Filter Design Using FPGA

Vol.2  No.1

Year : 2014

Issue : Jan-Mar

Title : Power Efficient Implementation of Least Mean Square Algorithm Based FIR Filter Design Using FPGA

Author Name : Devi priya, V.Saravanan , Santhiyakumari N

Synopsis :

This paper describes a high-speed and low-complexity implementation of FIR filter using least mean square technique. The proposed structure of multiplexed based zero-adaptation-delay structure and two adaptation delay structure for a direct LMS adaptive FIR filter. This paper describes the proposed adder technique provides much faster convergence and lower complexity for obtaining lower area, power dissipation, high speed and lower propagation delay. The multiplexer circuits were schematized using the DSCH2 schematic design tool, and their layouts were generated with the Micro wind 2 VLSI layout CAD tool. The parameter analyses were performed with a BSIM4 analyzer. The proposed multiplex -based filters are use carry save adder as well as other existing adder circuit in terms of power dissipation, propagation delay, latency, and throughput. Our proposed structure involves the minimum power. Finally the simulations are done using Xilinx ISE design suite to get power and implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA kit.

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Evaluation method for measuring the statistical parameters of existing heartbeat classification method of ECG signal

Vol.2  No.1

Year : 2014

Issue : Jan-Mar

Title : Evaluation method for measuring the statistical parameters of existing heartbeat classification method of ECG signal

Author Name : mansi varshney, Chinmay Chandrakar , Monisha Sharma

Synopsis :

Diagnosis of diseases using ECG signal required, classification of beat, which is the main criteria for arrhythmia detection. But accuracy of the detected beat plays an important role in the diagnosis of the disease using ECG signal. This paper describes an evaluation method which is used to analyze the ECG signal and help in diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia diseases. The evaluation method is used in classification of the beats of ECG signal. Generally there are two types of beats present in human heartbeat – normal beats (NORM) and abnormal beats (LBBB, RBBB, APC, and VPC). For diagnosis, these parameters are first determined. These values can be classified with the help of any existing methodology. This paper aims to check the accuracy of the beat (normal and abnormal beat). Statistical parameters are used for calculating accuracy. Statistical parameters are nothing but the parameter which is used to check the accuracy of the detected beat. The proposed method in this paper evaluates statistical parameters namely Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Positive Predictive Values (PPV,) and Negative Predictive Values (NPV) and compares it with the ideal values. The proposed method can be used to detect the accuracy of any existing heartbeat classification methods.

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Comparative Study of Lung ROI Segmentation with Different Morphological Structuring Element Sizes in Noise Environment

Vol.2  No.1

Year : 2014

Issue : Jan-Mar

Title : Comparative Study of Lung ROI Segmentation with Different Morphological Structuring Element Sizes in Noise Environment

Author Name : V. Kalpana, S.Varadarajan

Synopsis :

Lung cancer is the most challenging problem chasing the scientific and medical fields in several countries around the world. Several medical modalities are specialised to diagnosis the extinct of disease via PET, MRI, CT, US and DICOM. Automated Computer Aided Diagnosing (CAD) system has shown its improvements in the detection of lung cancer using advanced radiology. CAD system merges geometric and intensity models to improve particular area of anatomical structure. Nodules are comparatively smaller than 3-4 cm in diameter and are common abnormalities that are adjacent to vessels or chest wall. Detection of non-spherical shaped nodules is a primary difficulty. Sixty percent of all nodules are not harmful but malignant nodules may be lung cancer tumours. To identify these nodules the methods like intensity thresholding or model based might fail. In this paper the nodules are extracted from the DICOM lung image in the noisy environment such as Gaussian, salt and pepper, Poisson and speckle using morphology and watershed algorithm. The nodules are extracted from the lung portion using different edge detection operators such as Gaussian, Laplacian, prewitt, LOG, Unsharp, average and Sobel in presence of noise and various sizes of the structuring element. These results support to examine and calculate the influence of noises on the DICOM images in extracting the nodules.

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Digital modulation using wavelet shift keying

Vol.1  No.4

Year : 2013

Issue : Oct-Dec

Title : Digital modulation using wavelet shift keying

Author Name : R.Brindha, Dr,G.A.Sathish kumar

Synopsis :

So for we have seen many modulation techniques in which sine wave (carrier)is used to modulate digital data .In this paper digital data are modulated using wavelets (carrier). Initially only one mother wavelet is created and later scaled version of mother wavelet is derived for each bits in digital data. The scaled wavelets is used to perform digital modulation. The Performance of proposed technique is compared with conventional modulation schemes in terms of bit error rate (BER) and power efficiency (PE).

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HMM Based Privacy Preserving Approach for VOIP Communication

Vol.1  No.4

Year : 2013

Issue : Oct-Dec

Title : HMM Based Privacy Preserving Approach for VOIP Communication

Author Name : S. Prashantini, T.J.Jeyaprabha

Synopsis :

Pre-processing of Speech Signal serves various purposes in any speech processing application. It includes Noise Removal, Endpoint Detection, Pre-emphasis, Framing, Windowing, Echo Canceling etc. Out of these, silence portion removal along with endpoint detection is the fundamental step for applications like Speech and Speaker Recognition. The proposed method uses multi-layerperceptronalong with hierarchal mixturemodel for classification of voiced part of a speech from silence/unvoiced part. The work shows better end point detection as well as silence removal.The study is based on timing-based traffic analysis attacks thatcan be used to reconstruct the communication on end-to-end voip systems by taking advantage of the reduction or suppression of the generation of traffic whenever the sender detects a voice inactivity. Removal of the silence in between the inter packet time in order to obtain a clear communication. The proposed attacks can detect speakers of encrypted speech communications with high probabilities. With the help of different codecs we are going to detect speakers of speech communications In comparison with traditional traffic analysis attacks, the proposed traffic analysis attacks do not require simultaneous accesses to one traffic flow of interest at both sides.

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Analysis of PTS Scheme Used for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signal

Vol.1  No.4

Year : 2013

Issue : Oct-Dec

Title : Analysis of PTS Scheme Used for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signal

Author Name : Renu Verma, Mangal Singh , Neelam Dewangan

Synopsis :

For high data rate communication, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing technique is most effective & it is widely used for various wireless communication for example Digital Video Broadcasting(DVB), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), WiMAX etc. High Peak to Average Power ratio of an OFDM signal is the main drawback of this parallel transmission scheme. Several methods are available to reduce high PAPR of OFDM signal like Clipping, Tone Reservation, Tone Injection, Companding, Partial Transmit Sequence etc. Among these methods PTS is the most powerful method to reduce PAPR of OFDM. In this paper we describe the performance of partial transmit sequence technique applied to the OFDM signal to reduce PAPR, & shows the BER performance improvement after PAPR reduction .This paper also shows that the computational complexity is a drawback of PTS.

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Design Of PID Controller For Boiler Drum Level Control

Vol.1  No.4

Year : 2013

Issue : Oct-Dec

Title : Design Of PID Controller For Boiler Drum Level Control

Author Name : J PAVITHRA, Dr.T.Kalavathi Devi , R.Mouleeshuwarapprabu

Synopsis :

In thermal power plant, the use of boiler unit which produces steam helps to rotate the turbine to produce electricity. The boiler unit which consists of boiler drum converts feedwater into steam. The three types of boiler drum system are single element boiler drum, two element boiler drum and three element boiler drum. In thermal power plant the three element boiler drum is used. In the boiler drum, during the conversion of feedwater into steam, the level should be maintained and controlled properly. For controlling purpose the PID controller is used and the tuning of controller parameter controller is done manually. In the proposed method PID controller is replaced by adaptive controller where the tuning of controller will be made automatically. Thus the performance of the boiler drum level control system will be improved by three element method.

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Performance analysis of HAAR wavelets for segmentation of heart sound

Vol.1  No.4

Year : 2013

Issue : Oct-Dec

Title : Performance analysis of HAAR wavelets for segmentation of heart sound

Author Name : LEKRAM BAHEKAR, Abhishek Misal

Synopsis :

The heart is one of the key organs of human bodies and each component of heart sounds reflects important information about the cardiac status. The wavelet shrinkage denosing method can effectively reduce the noise of non-stationary signal but preserve the local regularity and the generalization threshold function is build .We present a method for heart sound segmentation based on the signal’s simplicity and strength .The method has two phases the first phase identifies the timing of s1 and s2 sound limit using simplicity and strength in the wavelet domain. The second phase discripainates among the s1 and s2 using high frequency information. The pre-processing before calculating energy of PCG signal by wavelet ,segment the PCG signal, find different parameters for segmentation .This paper presents an analysis of haar wavelet segmentation of heart sound segmentation techniques and suggested performance measures.

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Implementation Of Wavelet And Neural Network For Image Compression

Vol. 1 No. 3

Year: 2013

Issue : Jul-Sep

Title : Implementation Of Wavelet And Neural Network For Image Compression

Author Name : ponlatha senthil, J.Dhivya , Dr. R.S. Sabeenian

Synopsis :

Image and video compression is one of the major components used in video-telephony, video conferencing and multimedia-related applications where digital pixel information can comprise considerably large amounts of data. Management of such data can involve significant overhead in computational complexity and data processing. Compression allows efficient utilization of channel bandwidth and storage size. Typical access speeds for storage mediums are inversely proportional to capacity. This paper aims at implementing a wavelet transform and neural network based model for image compression which combines the advantages of both wavelet transformations and neural networks. Images are decomposed using Haar wavelet filters into a set of sub bands with different resolution corresponding to different frequency bands. Scalar quantization and Huffman coding schemes are used for different sub bands based on their statistical properties. The coefficients in low frequency band are compressed by Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) and the coefficients in higher frequency bands are compressed using neural network.

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Design of Pre-Filters for DS-UWB Downlink

Vol. 1 No. 3

Year: 2013

Issue : Jul-Sep

Title : Design of Pre-Filters for DS-UWB Downlink

Author Name : THULASIRAM ATHURU, C.Subhas

Synopsis :

In mobile radio communication environment, transmitted signal might undergo several reflections and local scatterings depending upon various multipaths available in the channel before reaching at the receiver. These scattered signals are subjected to random delay, fluctuations and phase shifts. Multipathseffects are reduced using various diversity schemes including Raking. The Rake signal can be viewed as the sum of the multipath signals with received signal from each path being scaled by a factor related to the strength of that path. The operation is an equivalent operation to the multiplication of the received signal by the time reversed channel impulse response. We consider the Design of ultra-wideband (UWB) systems that enable high data rate communications for short range wireless applications. In particular we propose two pre-equalization filter (PEF) schemes for multiple-input-single-output (MISO) direct-sequence UWB (DS-UWB) system with Pre-Rake and symbol-by-symbol detection. The first scheme minimizes the total transmitted power from the base station to achieving physical layer quality of service (QoS) for different users. In the second scheme, we consider the minimization of a weighed sum of user’s mean-square-error. In order to obtain a computational tractable solution for this scheme the channel duality is considered. Our approach is sufficiently general to include reduced-complexity version of Pre-Rake that employs a limited number of Rake fingers. Our simulation results show that the proposed PEF schemes with Pre-Rake achieve significant performance over Pre-Rake without equalization.

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IP Based Distributed Smart Camera Surveillance System for Forest Application

Vol. 1 No. 3

Year: 2013

Issue : Jul-Sep

Title : IP Based Distributed Smart Camera Surveillance System for Forest Application

Author Name : kamal lamichhane

Synopsis :

Real time video surveillance is becoming increasingly important in the security of forest nowadays. Many efforts have been made in this field, to detect and track the human and human activities in scene and recognize simple motion such as walking and running. Real time Video surveillance is an alternative attempting to prevent the events to happen (or reduce their chances). This paper presents a digital real time video surveillance system with distributed IP-cameras. In this paper we present a real-time surveillance [3] system framework for recognizing complex activities in the defined area. In our system we detect moving objects in the scene [III] and use tracking algorithm [IV] to record activities for further analysis. Compared with the traditional surveillance system, an IP based distributed system surveillance offers much better flexibility in video content processing and transmission [5]. At the same time, it, also, can easily implement advanced features such as real time transmission of video and audio if connected through known ip address. Real time videos from distributed cameras are transmitted.

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Video Compression Using Discrete Wavelet Transform

Vol. 1 No. 3

Year: 2013

Issue : Jul-Sep

Title : Video Compression Using Discrete Wavelet Transform

Author Name : Escalin Tresa, Dr. M. Sundararajan

Synopsis :

Video compression is reducing and removing redundant video data so that a digital video file can be effectively sent and stored. The compression process is used to create a compressed file for transmission or storage by applying an algorithm. To play the compressed file, an inverse algorithm is applied to produce a video that shows virtually the same content as the original source video. In this paper, different wavelets like Haar, Daubechies, Biorthogonal, Symlet were used to perform video compression for the given video input. These wavelets were compared with different input video formats like MPEG, AVI, and WMV formats and the output was observed using the parameters Peak Signal to Noise ratio, Retained Energy and Compression Ratio in MATLAB.

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PSO based Tuning of PID Controller for Superheated Steam Temperature System of 500MW Boiler

Vol. 1 No. 3

Year: 2013

Issue : Jul-Sep

Title : PSO based Tuning of PID Controller for Superheated Steam Temperature System of 500MW Boiler

Author Name : Yasmine begum, Dr.G.V. Marutheswar

Synopsis :

This paper explains the tuning of analog PID controller for superheated steam temperature system of 500 MW boiler using Particle Swarm optimisation Algorithm based on ITAE as the objective function. The analog controllers have large applications in industrial control. The fifth order model of superheated steam temperature system of 500 MW boiler is taken for study. Most of the available tuning algorithms are based on FOPTD models which is given by G(s) = Ke –τs/(Ts+1). If the plant is not approximated well to good FOPTD model, good controllers may not be designed using existing algorithms. Genetic algorithm is a stochastic algorithm based on principles of natural selection and genetics. To tune the PID controllers using Particle Swarm optimisation Algorithm , it does not require any FOPTD model. Hence the analog PID controller is tuned using Particle Swarm optimisation algorithm for superheated steam temperature system and the results are compared.

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